Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that function throughout the day, filtering waste and maintaining the balance of the body fluids. But due to certain medical conditions, part of the kidney may need to be removed, known as ‘partial nephrectomy’, or when the whole kidney is removed along with surrounding tissue, to protect the patient’s health. This procedure is called “radical nephrectomy”.
It may sound intimidating, but understanding the procedure, what it involves, and its recovery will reduce confusion and provide comfort to individuals preparing for the surgery or wanting to learn more about recovery. Swipe up!
Radical Nephrectomy Meaning
Simply explained, a radical nephrectomy is a surgical procedure where a kidney is removed along with its surrounding tissue and glands. This procedure is recommended due to tumours or severe kidney damage. It is a major surgical intervention and is decided after multiple tests and evaluations by the medical professionals.
Purpose: Why Is Radical Nephrectomy Performed?
The main purpose of this procedure is to deal with growing kidney issues, such as tumours or kidney cancer that cannot be removed by partial surgery. But it can also be performed for other reasons, such as:
- A suspected malignant tumour can be a reason for a nephrectomy.
- Tumours connected to blood vessels.
- Non-functioning kidney causing infections or constant pain.
- Irreparable kidney trauma or injury.
- Congenital kidney abnormalities affecting function.
Right vs Left Radical Nephrectomy
Radical nephrectomy is checked based on the side of the body where it is performed:
- Right radical nephrectomy is performed when the right kidney is affected.
- Left radical nephrectomy is performed when the left kidney is affected.
The surgical approach varies despite similar principles, as anatomical differences influence it based on variations in vascular structures and adrenal gland location.
Types and Techniques
There are several approaches to the radical nephrectomy surgery, and it usually involves the surgeon selecting the most suitable radical nephrectomy technique based on factors such as the tumour size, location and individual health factors:
1. Open Nephrectomy Procedure
An open radical nephrectomy includes a larger incision on the side or abdomen to directly access the kidney. This approach is traditional and is preferred for large tumours or when open access is required.
2. Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy
This approach is less invasive and involves smaller incisions or a laparoscope, a camera-equipped instrument. It may support faster recovery and lesser postoperative discomfort in some cases.
3. Robotic-Assisted Nephrectomy
A robot is assisting surgeons during the procedure to ensure precision. This process is laparoscopic in approach; robotic assistance can enhance dexterity and visual clarity when cases are complex.
These techniques are all aimed at one goal: the safest removal of the kidney and/or the surrounding tissues without complications.
Radical Nephrectomy Procedure: What Happens During Surgery?
A detailed evaluation is usually carried out before the procedure is decided upon. It may involve imaging tests, kidney function assessments and general anaesthetic clearance. On the day of the procedure, here is the procedure for the surgery:
- Anaesthesia is administered to provide the patient with comfort and maintain unconsciousness during surgery.
- Incision and access are made with the chosen technique (open, laparoscopic, or robotic).
- Isolation of the kidney is done with careful handling of renal blood vessels and nearby structures.
- Removal of the kidney and surrounding tissues as one unit.
- Closure of the incision and post-operative monitoring in recovery.
Surgery duration varies based on complexity and can range from 2 to 4 hours.
Risks & Possible Complications
Similar to any other surgical procedure, kidney surgery can also be risky. Here are a few possible risks:
- Bleeding
- Infection at the incision area
- Negative reactions to anaesthesia
- Injury or damage to the surrounding organs
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalances during the procedure
The improvements made in the surgical techniques highly improved the safety and outcomes of the procedure.
Recovery & Hospital Stay
Recovery period varies depending on the surgical approach and the patient’s health. Here is the general timeline:
- Hospital stay can be between 2 and 7 days.
- Pain or soreness near the incision can be expected.
- Slow movement and breathing exercises support recovery.
- Kidney function monitoring to see that the remaining kidney is functioning effectively.
Life After Radical Nephrectomy
Living with a single kidney is normal and safe for most people. The remaining kidney will adapt to the function, and the doctors might recommend:
- Proper hydration
- Controlled diet
- Blood pressure check-ups
- Avoid medications that affect the functioning of the remaining kidney.
Diet & Lifestyle Support
Diet is part of post-surgery recovery and is not enough to treat the cause. Here are a few helpful strategies:
- Cutting high-sodium foods
- Maintaining a healthy body weight
- Including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains for nutrition
- Cutting smoking and alcohol intake
Read More: Kidney Stone Pain Got You Down? Here’s What You Need to Know
When to Seek Medical Attention After Surgery
Postoperative monitoring is required, and medical reviews are recommended if these issues occur:
- Persistent fever
- Severe pain unrelieved by medication
- Excessive swelling or discharge around wounds
- Difficulty urinating
Conclusion
A radical nephrectomy is a surgical procedure that removes a kidney and its surrounding tissue for medical reasons that deem its presence fatal or extremely harmful. The idea of losing a kidney and going through surgery may sound intimidating, but with proper aftercare, recovery is possible, and the individual will return to normal life soon. The remaining kidney is fully capable of assuming the functions of the lost kidney, and the patient will return to a normal life.
Frequently Asked Questions Related to Radical Nephrectomy
What Is Radical Nephrectomy?
It is a surgical procedure where a kidney is removed, along with its surrounding tissues, due to medical complications.
How long does it take to recover from a radical nephrectomy?
Recovery varies, but many individuals can engage in light activity within a few weeks, with full recovery taking a few months.
Is a nephrectomy a major surgery?
Yes, it is a major surgery and requires anaesthesia, hospital stay, and structured recovery.
How many types of nephrectomy are there?
Nephrectomies include partial, simple, and radical types, each based on the amount of the kidney removed.
