Leukorrhea is a normal phenomenon which is characterized with white or yellowish vaginal discharge. It is a condition present in many women and raises concerns due to its connection with different diseases. This article aims to educate people about leukorrhea discharge, its causes, signs, and available treatments so that people can reduce anxiety and improve their health.
What is Leukorrhea?
Leukorrhea is a clear, white or yellowish vaginal discharge. It is quite common and may happen at any time in a woman’s monthly cycle. Leukorrhea discharge can vary, based on the menstrual cycle timings, sexually aroused or during breastfeeding. However, if the discharge is of a different colour, thicker or has a foul smell, then this may be a sign of a leukorrhea-related condition or health complication that needs treatment.
Causes of Leukorrhea Discharge
Leukorrhea is a condition that may be attributed to physiological processes, infections, and other diseases.
Physiological Causes
- Hormonal Changes: Leukorrhea can also be attributed to hormonal changes such as those that occur during the menstrual cycle, during pregnancy, or during the menopausal period. Leukorrhea is normal in many women during the luteal phase and may be seen as a sign that the period is approaching.
- Sexual Arousal: When a woman becomes sexually aroused, blood flow to the pelvic area increases and this may lead to an increase in vaginal discharge.
Infections
- Bacterial Vaginosis: This is a bacterial infection that is quite familiar and it leads to a thin, grayish-white discharge that has a fishy smell.
- Yeast Infections: Yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of a fungus known as Candida and are characterized by a thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge.
- Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Chlamydia and gonorrhea are some of the infections that can cause abnormal discharge.
Other Medical Conditions:
- Cervical or Vaginal Inflammation: Some of the diseases such as cervicitis or vaginitis can cause leukorrhea which is an increase in vaginal discharge
- Foreign Bodies: Foreign bodies such as contraceptive devices left inside the vagina can cause an infection and hence the abnormal discharge.
Symptoms Associated with Leukorrhea
Leukorrhea in itself is a sign but it may be associated with other signs depending on the cause.
Normal Leukorrhea
White or slightly cloudy and odorless or slightly fragrant and non-itchy.
Infectious Leukorrhea
The alteration in colour (yellow, green, gray), texture (thick, curd like, frothy), and odor (foul, fishy) of the discharge. Some of the signs and symptoms associated with leukorrhea in infection may be itching, burning sensation, irritation, and pain when urinating or having intercourse.
Diagnosis and When to See a Doctor
Leukorrhea is usually diagnosed based on the patient’s history, clinical examination, and investigations.
Medical History
The doctor will then inquire about the symptoms, menstrual history, sexual history, and any other history that may be useful.
Physical Examination
A pelvic exam may be performed to look for signs of infection or other problems.
Laboratory Tests
Some of the discharge may be collected and cultured to determine the presence of bacteria, yeast or any other pathogen.
Treatment Options
The management of leukorrhea discharge depends on the cause of the condition. Here are some common approaches:
Physiological Leukorrhea
If the discharge is attributed to hormonal changes, then there is no need for any treatment. To reduce the amount of discharge, one should practice good hygiene and wear comfortable, cotton undergarments.
Bacterial Vaginosis
Metronidazole or clindamycin are administered to the patient to help clear the infection.
Yeast Infections
Yeast infections are treated using antifungal drugs which can be in the form of creams, ointments or oral tablets.
STIs
The type of infection determines the right antibiotics or antiviral drugs to be administered.
Other Conditions
Infections such as cervicitis or vaginitis require the management of the cause, which may entail the use of antibiotics, antifungal agents or other forms of treatment.
Preventing Leukorrhea
Although some causes of leukorrhea are inevitable because of the natural processes of the female body, there are measures that can be taken to minimize the occurrence of abnormal discharge.
Maintain Good Hygiene
Wash the genital area with soap and water and do not use a harsh or scented soap that may cause an imbalance of bacteria and yeast.
Wear Breathable Fabrics
Wear cotton underwear and loose clothing to ensure that the area is aired and does not trap moisture.
Practice Safe Sex
Condoms should be used and STI tests should be taken frequently to avoid getting an STI.
Healthy Diet
A healthy diet that is packed with vitamins and probiotics can go a long way in maintaining the health of the vagina.
Conclusion
Leukorrhea is a normal occurrence that many women go through. Although it is a common occurrence during the menstrual cycle, any alteration in the colour, thickness, or smell of the discharge may be a sign of a problem. Knowledge of the causes and signs of abnormal leukorrhea discharge and consulting a doctor when needed will assist in controlling the problem. To avoid this condition, one should ensure that they wash regularly to maintain hygiene, use protection during sexual activities, and heed the body’s signs and symptoms.
